In the realm of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) stands out as a powerful tool for enabling computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. However, not all machine learning algorithms are created equal. There are several distinct types of machine learning, each with its own characteristics, applications, and algorithms. Below are the various types of Machine Learning with different attributes
Types of Machine Learning
- Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is perhaps the most common type of machine learning. In supervised learning, the algorithm learns from labelled data, where each training example is paired with a corresponding target or output label. The goal is to learn a mapping from input variables to output variables. Examples of supervised learning algorithms include-Linear regression- Decision trees,
- Support vector machines
- Neural networks.
- Supervised learning is used in applications such as classification, regression, and forecasting.
- Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning involves training algorithms on unlabelled data, where the algorithm must learn to identify patterns or structure within the data without explicit guidance. Unlike supervised learning, there are no predefined output labels, and the algorithm must uncover hidden relationships or groupings on its own. Clustering and dimensionality reduction are common tasks in unsupervised learning.Examples of unsupervised learning algorithms include-k-means clustering- Hierarchical clustering
- Principal component analysis (PCA).
- Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and data compression.
- Semi-Supervised Learning
Semi-supervised learning lies somewhere between supervised and unsupervised learning. In semi-supervised learning, the algorithm is trained on a combination of labelled and unlabelled data. The labelled data provides some supervision or guidance for learning, while the unlabelled data allows the algorithm to explore additional patterns or structure within the data. Semi-supervised learning is particularly useful when labelled data is scarce or expensive to obtain. Examples of semi-supervised learning algorithms include self-training, co-training, and generative models. - Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an agent learns to interact with an environment by taking actions and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or penalties. The goal of reinforcement learning is to learn a policy or strategy that maximizes cumulative rewards over time. Unlike supervised learning, reinforcement learning algorithms operate in a dynamic and sequential decision-making setting, where actions have consequences that affect future states and rewards.Examples of reinforcement learning algorithms include-Q-learning- Deep Q-networks (DQN)
- Policy gradient methods.
- Reinforcement learning is used in applications such as game playing, robotics, and autonomous systems.
- Self-Supervised Learning
Self-supervised learning is a relatively newer paradigm in machine learning where models are trained on automatically generated labels from the input data itself, rather than relying on human-labelled data. The model is trained to predict certain parts of the input data based on other parts of the input data. For example, in natural language processing, a model might be trained to predict missing words in a sentence. Self-supervised learning has shown promise in tasks such as representation learning, language modelling, and image generation.
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